Diabetes: Study characteristics of 26 studies
Study characteristics of 26 studies
2022
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Katte et al. (2022) | CameroonClinic setting | Qualitative study with a retrospective design | To determine the mortality rate and associated factors in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who receive free insulin treatment | Collected between 2011 and 2015Archived records517 records used | 517 cases | Statistical analysis | Mortality is high in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Cameroonmortality rate is substantially higher in rural settingsmortality rate is higher among those with no formal education |
| Palmer et al. (2022) | KenyaHealthcare facility setting | Qualitative study with a survey design | To understand the lived experiences of children with Type 1 Diabetes | Semi-structured interviewsFocus group discussionsCollected between March and April 2019 | Children and caregiversInclusion criteriaEnrolled in the Changing Diabetes in Children (CDiC) program | Thematic analysis of interview and discussion transcriptsPeer-review of inferences | Children with T1DM in Kenya face numerous barriers to care, such as resources scarcity, stigma, and a lack of family and peer support |
2021
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Alder et al. (2021) | LiberiaHealthcare facility setting | Qualitative | Research question: What is the impact of type 1 diabetes on patients, caregivers, and health systems in Liberia? Objectives To understand the psychosocial and economic impact of living with type 1 diabetesTo determine the level of knowledge of type 1 diabetes and self-management strategiesTo identify the barriers and facilitators for accessing type 1 diabetes care | Semi-structured interviews Participants: Patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, civil society members, and policymakers were the respondentsNumber is not specified | Sampling criteria Age, Availability Willingness to participate | Thematic analysisCoding emerging themes | Type 1 diabetes has a significant impact on patients and caregiversBarriers are at individual and system levels |
| Kruger et al. (2021) | Johannesburg, South AfricaInstitutional setting | Qualitative study with a phenomenological design | explore in depth how a group of young adult women make meaning of living with type 1 diabetes | Interview | 6 participantsPurposive sampling Diagnosed with diabetes to at least 1 year | Interpretative phenomenological analysis | meaning-making process has a significant influence on positive adjustment to living with diabetes |
| Lesage et al. (2021) | South AfricaMedical center setting | Qualitative stud with an exploratory design | To explore the illness perception amongst adolescents living with type 1 diabetes and how these perceptions interacted with the management of T1D | Semi-structured interviews Conducted in hospitals in ArushaData collected between January and June 2019 | 8 adolescents Purposive sampling Selection criteria Aged 12=28 yearsDiagnosed with T1D for at least 12 months prior to enrolmentHave HbA1c level above 7.5%Enrolled at The Centre for Diabetes and EndocrinologySpeaks English or Afrikaans Exclusion criteria Suffering from another chronic medical conditionUndergoing psychotherapy at the time of the research | Thematic analysis | Common belief that T1D is difficult to manage, leading to a largely negative perception of the disease. |
| McLarty et al. (2021) | Arusha, TanzaniaHospital setting | Qualitative study with cross-sectional design | To determine the factors associated with poor glycemic control in children, adolescents, and young adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | Structured questionnaire | 150 participants: children (1-10 years), adolescents (11-18 years) and young adults (19-40 years)Inclusion criteria: attending type 1 diabetes clinics Exclusion criteria: those that did not consent and younger than 1 year | Statistical analysis | Adolescents control glycemia very poorlyglycemic control is associated with higher BMI, insulin regime, and guardian education |
| Mandilou et al. (2021) | Congo | Qualitative study with a cross-sectional descriptive design | To describe the psychosocial functioning and assess the quality of life of children, adolescents and young adults with T1DMTo identify the risk factors associated with the psychosocial experience and quality of life of these patients | Structured questionnaire | 74 patients | Statistical analysis | Type 1 diabetes Patients experienced a significant elevated symptoms of anxiety and depressionThey also experienced a fairly good quality of life |
| Najem et al. (2021) | Tanzania Hospital setting | Qualitative study | To assess microvascular complications of Type 1 diabetes in young patients | Review of archived records | 559 patients Aged between 2 and 35 years | Statistical analysis | Many patients with T1D have poor metabolic control |
| Ogugua et al. (2021) | Nigeria | Qualitative study with cross-sectional design | To Identify the determinants of good glycaemic control | Data from hospital records | Parental consent | Statistical analysis | caregivers’ involvement in diabetes management is a strong determinant for optimal glycaemic control |
| Sow et al. (2021) | Dakar, SenegalUniversity hospital setting | Qualitative study with a descriptive design | To assess the level of knowledge of physicians about insulin therapy in diabetes | Interviews | 82 DoctorsMarch 5 –August 2, 2018 | Statistical analysis | level of knowledge of insulin therapy among doctors caring for children with diabetes in Senegal is limited |
| Yosef et al. (2021) | Ethiopia | Qualitative study with cross-sectional design | To assess the prevalence and the associated factors of hypoglycemia among type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients after insulin use | Interview | 242 patients | Statistical analysis | The prevalence of hypoglycemia is high due to the poor practice of insulin injection |
2020
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Ahmed et al. (2020) | Khartoum, Sudan in hospitals and diabetes centers | Retrospective qualitative study | To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of new-onset type 1 diabetes | Data was collected from archived documents comprising patients’ recordsCollected between 2000 and 2017 | 173 participants | Statistical analysis using statistical tests included Pearson’s Chi-Squared, Fischer Exact, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis | The Diabetic ketoacidosis frequency at diagnosis of childhood T1DM in Khartoum was lower than earlier reportsThe severity of DKA was high among pre-school age children with a relatively high mortality rate compared to the global average |
| Khemakhem et al. (2020) | Tunisia | Qualitative study with cross-sectional design | To measure the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus To compare QoL of patients with parents’ perceptions | Data collected between September and December 2018 | Children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes over a month agoAge between 5 and 18 years | Statistical analysis | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) adversely affects the quality of life of patients and caregivers alikeManagement of T1DM requires a high degree of parental and patient involvement |
| Musoma et al. (2020) | Nairobi, KenyaHospital setting | Qualitative study with a retrospective observational design | To determine the death rate and clinical outcomes of children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis | Archived medical records | 159 files Inclusion criteria: Children aged 0-18 years admitted with a diagnosis of DKA | Statistical analysis | High DKA-associated mortality (6.9%)High mortality rate associated with increased serum creatinine, decreased urine output, and altered level of consciousness |
2019
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Djonou et al. (2019) | Sub-Saharan AfricaHospital setting | Qualitative study with a cross-sectional design | To describe the prevalence of glycemic control and related factors in a population of Sub-Saharan African type 1 diabetes patients | QuestionnaireData collected between September 2012 and march 2013 | 95 children Inclusion criteria Aged between 6 and 19 yearsLiving with type 1 diabetesAttending CDiC for at least 1 year | Statistical analysisChi-square test | Strong association between diabetes diagnosed for more than 2 years and a good control compared to those with more recent diagnosis |
| Jasem et al. (2019) | TanzaniaHospital setting | Qualitative research with a retrospective observational design | To find a crude incidence/prevalence of diabetes in children and young adults in a low resource settingTo classify the diabetes To audit the health record keeping | Data was collected from archived medical files comprising patients’ records | 329 patients Inclusion criteria Attending diabetes clinic | Statistical analysis | Diabetes incidence and prevalence is lowType 1 diabetes T1D is accompanied by very high frequency of DKA at diagnosis |
| Pirie et al. (2019) | Durban, South AfricaHospital setting | Qualitative study using a cross-sectional survey design | To assess the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) attending a public health tertiary diabetes clinic | Structured questionnaireMedical data recorded by devices | 151 patients Inclusion criteria Informed consent | Statistical analysis | High frequency of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes patients Most patients had at least one severe episode in the previous 1 year |
2018
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Chikani et al. (2018) | Enugu metropolis in Nigeria | Qualitative study using a descriptive cross-sectional design | To survey the beliefs and perceptions of caregivers of children towards diabetes in childhood.To determine the caregivers’ depth of knowledge of diabetes in children, To determine the relationship between knowledge and practices as well as the association between level of education and gender with practices and knowledge | Structured questionnaire | 500 respondentsMulti-staged sampling Random sampling within three local government areas as clusters | Statistical analysis | Mistaken beliefs and perceptions of childhood diabetes among the adult caregivers Knowledge deficiencyLiteracy did not improve knowledge and attitude to healthy lifestyle practices |
| Jonker et al. (2018) | South Africa | Qualitative study | To explore the illness perceptions of adolescents with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus | Semi-structured interviews | 9 adolescents Purposive sampling Inclusion criteria: aged between 12–18 years, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus more than 12 months ago, enrolled in, and HbA1c of 64 mmol/mol or less during the previous 12 months | Thematic analysis of transcripts | Emerging themes Accepting diabetes and the diabetes care plan as part of lifeviewing diabetes as manageable and as patient responsibilityImportance of gaining information on diabetes and diabetes management. |
| Kyokunzire & Matovu (2018) | Kampala, UgandaDiabetes clinics | Qualitative study with a cross-sectional desing | To determine the level of adherence and the factors associated with adherence to diabetes care recommendations among type 1 diabetic children and adolescents | Questionnaires | Caretakers and adolescents 200 children and adolescents | Thematic analysis Statistical analysis | Adherence to type 1 diabetes care recommendations is low |
2017
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Niba et al. (2017) | CamerounHospital setting | Qualitative study using a cross-sectional design | To identify the predictors of glucose control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes | Hospital records | 72 participants | Statistical analysis | Adherence to type 1 diabetes care recommendations is low |
2016
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Noorani et al. (2016) | Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Qualitative study | To identify the factors associated with glycaemic control among children and adolescents | October 2010 to March 2011 | 75 participants Inclusion criteriaAttending clinic at Muhimbili national hospital for insulin administration | Statistical analysis | Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Dar es Salaam have poor glycaemic control |
2015
| Study/ publication year | Country/ Setting | Study design | Study aims/ objectives | Data collection | Population/sample/inclusion and exclusion criteria | Methodology/ analysis process | Outcomes/ key themes |
| Hapunda et al. (2015) | Lusaka, ZambiaUniversity teaching hospital setting | Qualitative study | To explore the sources of stress, stress coping strategies, stigma and perceived quality of life and care as experienced by adolescents living with Type 1 Diabetes | Semi-structured interviews | 10 adolescents (12-18 years), 8 caregivers, and 4 health practitionersPurposive sampling | Thematic analysis of transcripts | Poor insulin adherence was influenced by stigmatization, short life expectancy, low socioeconomic status and poor social participation. |
| Ngwiri et al. (2015) | KenyaHospital setting | Qualitative study | To determine the degree of glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM To correlate it with the availability of insulin, its type and dosage, and the role of patient characteristics such as age and duration of illness | Questionnaire | 82 patients Inclusion criteria Previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetesManaging diabetes with insulinHave had to previous clinical assessmentsParental. Guardian consent if under 18 years | Statistical analysis | African children and with T1DM, particularly adolescents, have poor control |
References
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